Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr's powerful Speech Essay

Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr's powerful Speech - Essay Example This gave the black people of America the courage to stand up for themselves and to do what is right. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. lit a fire in the hearts and souls of those people and it gave many of them the hope that they needed to continue to find equality. While he had a dream, he needed to use his speech to encourage others to also envision the goals he had and to not give up. His speech was powerful, had a motive and was memorable. It also became a major piece in history in the civil rights movement for black people, giving the people the same belief he had that they would one day become liberated from the injustices that black people in America were facing. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote this speech with the intention to inspire people within his own specific race though it could be applied to other non-Caucasians to seek the same rights. He had a motive to inspire and provide courage to the people for whom he was representing to hop on the bandwagon and no longer be suppr essed by the laws that were wrongly enforced against those people of race. His powerful remarks in his â€Å"I have a dream,† speech were meant to give these people something to look forward to from the perspective that what he was doing would encourage others to also fight with him to take a stand on civil rights. He had an image of what he wanted to see done in America, he let his listeners know what that vision was and he gave the truth all within a short speech that he probably had no idea would change the course of history forever. To write this speech and then to deliver it with such intensity was what helped gain the numbers of people that he knew would help his race on their fight toward equal rights. It was not just the language but the way he said the words with such passion that would create this difference. Dr. King even started his message talking about how things were in the present day, how they had been and how they should be in accordance with civil rights an d the same rights for Negros as white people. He knew when he first began his speech, addressing his crowd with the information that he knew would be one of the greatest demonstrations ever and knowing that it would in some ways be historical. According to writer Amy Tan, she discusses in her â€Å"Mother Tongue† essay that language can be powerful. In some ways, when she delivered a speech, she found herself using monumental style phrases as well and they could be interpreted in many different ways. The phrases were not simple, using English dialect that she had learned in her English classes. She found that when she was talking to her own mother, she was using a different style of language to speak to her mother. Her family was of Asian descent and her mother spoke in incomplete sentences and broken English. These sentences were short and to the point and uses dialect that Tan calls â€Å"expressive command.† Tan grew up with her mother’s style of speaking and though many of Tan’s own friends could not understand what her mother was saying, Tan did (Tan, 77-78). King, to get his message out, had to speak in ways that did use words creatively. His speech is almost poetic. Others needed to understand what he was

Environment degradation Essay Example for Free

Environment degradation Essay This is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources for instance water, soil and even air. In environmental degradation, the ecosystem is destroyed and wildlife undergoes extinction. There are many forms of environmental degradation that are of negative impact to agriculture. For instance, when habitats are destroyed, biodiversity is lost and natural resources are depleted. The environment is most affected as organisms which give it life are no more (Schertenleib, Forster Belevi, n. d). The earthworms that enrich soil fertility are killed by soil pollution. This means that if earthworms are all eliminated, the soil will not be fertile. The degradation of the environment can occur naturally, or through human processes which includes different kinds of pollution. Areas of concern in the same concept are loss of rain forests, air pollutions and the ozone depletion. The marine environment is also affected. These kinds of pollutions are known to occur all over the world and the blame is on the people themselves for the activities they carry out. This has poisoned the planet’s oceans and even the remote areas. Major disasters like oil spills have ruined the local environment. All these hazards can be curbed by individuals by stopping the constant pollution of the environment. To some extents, different organizations have been formed to help rehabilitate locations that have been affected. One way to do this is urban agriculture. With urban agriculture, the environment can be conserved since the wastes from industries can be converted to be fertilizers in the farms around the cities. Statistical facts It is estimated that 50% of the world’s populations live in cities (UNFPA, 2007). In the cities, most populations settle there for various reasons such as studies and seeking for employment. As economic pressures mount, the urban population engages in urban agriculture as labor is available with large population in urban centers. The growing of crops and rearing of animals in the urban areas has become common. About 800 million people are involved in urban agriculture world wide and this has contributed to the feeding urban residents (Schertenleib, Forster Belevi, n. d). It is definite that with food production or rather the general production of farm outputs, the city residents can get a plenty supply of food in their respective areas of residence. With large populations in the cities and with plenty food products from urban agriculture, there will not be any instance of food deficiency. Urban residents with low income spend between 40 percent and 60 percent of their income on food every year (RUAF, n. d). The only remedy to this is that these low income residents can start practicing urban agriculture to supplement the expenditures on food. If they participate in urban agriculture, they will be able to save up to 60% of their incomes at the end of each year (Neondo, 2003). The money they would have spent on buying food can be saved and used to develop other areas of the economy. This means a lot of to the growth of the economy of the particular country. It is expected that by 2015, about 26 cities in the world will have a population of 10 million or even more (FAO, n. d). To be able to manage these populations, countries are obliged to concentrate in urban agriculture because they have little choices left. It is therefore encouraged for urban dwellers to practice heavily on urban agriculture, with an objective of keeping the country away from food shortage come 2015(FAO, n. d). 2. The spectrum of urban agriculture and the function of relevant organizations Urban agriculture has some aspects that distinguish it from rural agriculture. One of them is the fact that it is integrated into the urban economic and ecological system. It is evident that urban agriculture is embedded in the urban ecosystem of which it interacts with. Such linkages involve using urban residents as laborers and the use of typical urban resources for instance organic waste as compost and urban waste water for irrigation. In urban agriculture, there is a direct link with urban consumers and direct positive and negative impacts on urban ecology (Amin, 2002). Urban agriculture is also characterized by being part of the urban food system and competing for urban land with other urban functions. It is also influenced by other urban policies and plans. Some of the organizations that influence urban agriculture both directly and indirectly are Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Community Food Security Coalition (CFSC), Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture (UPA), and the Resource Centers on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF Foundation)

Time in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Time in The Great Gatsby Time is an idea described in different periods and aspects, for example philosophical, psychological, physical and biological. This time flows evenly but is broken into the past, present and future. Since we only live in the present forever planning for our futures and dreams, when we try to live in the past it restricts our future. Throughout Fitzgerald's novel, Gatsby wasted time and his life for a single dream, and it was his illusion of his ideal future that made time a key dimension in his life. Gatsby suffers from past memories of Daisy and tries to relive the relationship and in the process Gatsby was murdered. Nick says, "Almost five years! There must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams - not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion". Gatsby's idealistic view of Daisy was, she was of pure and perfect form and after he kisses her, his ideal perfect relationship starts to decay, "...and the incarnation was complete". The incarnation meaning Daisy cannot be ideally perfect anymore now that Gatsby's with her. Daisy is not pure and perfect like Gatsby thought she was in the past. From Gatsby's illusions of the past preoccupying all his thoughts, he forgets about the key dimension he exists in which is the present. Although Gatsby was persistent on reliving the past, Gatsby vaguely lived for the present. This is apparent when he cancels his biology by leaving home, changing his name, and leaving his heritage behind which was not done by following the past. In the past Jay Gatsby made, "...a platonic conception of himself". What Nick said about Gatsby's platonic theory of himself was that Gatsby "...was a son of God". From Jay Gatsby's theory he makes a ideal conception of himself, of which he projects himself into the future. Ultimately Gatsby is left with the choices to "...suck on the pap of life, gulp down the incomparable milk of wonder," or kiss Daisy and "...his mind would never romp again like the mind of God". In Gatsby's choices he is to climb "the ladder" to God which represents Gatsby's future or choose Daisy and choose the past.

Karl Marx :: essays research papers

According to Karl Marx, religion is like other social institutions in that it is dependent upon the material and economic realities in a given society. It has no independent history; instead it is the creature of productive forces. As Marx wrote, â€Å"The religious world is but the reflex of the real world.† Religion can only be understood in relation to other social systems and the economic structures of society. In fact, religion is only dependent upon economics, nothing else — so much so that the actual religious doctrines are almost irrelevant. This is a functionalist interpretation of religion: understanding religion is dependent upon what social purpose religion itself serves, not the content of its beliefs. Marx’s opinion is that religion is an illusion that provides reasons and excuses to keep society functioning just as it is. Much as capitalism takes our productive labor and alienates us from its value, religion takes our highest ideals and aspirations and alienates us from them, projecting them onto an alien and unknowable being called a god. Marx has three reasons for disliking religion. First, it is irrational — religion is a delusion and a worship of appearances that avoids recognizing underlying reality. Second, religion negates all that is dignified in a human being by rendering them servile and more amenable to accepting the status quo. In the preface to his doctoral dissertation, Marx adopted as his motto the words of the Greek hero Prometheus who defied the gods to bring fire to humanity: â€Å"I hate all gods,† with addition that they â€Å"do not recognize man’s self-consciousness as the highest divinity.† Third, religion is hypocritical. Although it might profess valuable principles, it sides with the oppressors. Jesus advocated helping the poor, but the Christian church merged with the oppressive Roman state, taking part in the enslavement of people for centuries. In the Middle Ages the Catholic Church preached about heaven, but acquired as much property and power as possible.

Australian Government Department of Immigration and Citizenship

This document lists the information and supporting documents required to lodge a complete application using the paper form 1208. More information about this visa is available. See: About this Visa Important: Do not provide original documents unless requested. You should provide ‘certified copies’ of original documentation. Documents not in English must be accompanied by accredited English translations. Complete applications You should ensure that you lodge a completed visa application. While the department may ask you to provide more information in order to determine whether you meet the criteria for grant of the visa, a decision on the visa application may be made solely on the information provided at the time of application. Note: The Visa Application Charge will not be refunded if a decision is made to refuse to grant the visa because the applicant did not satisfy the criteria for grant of the visa. Complete applications are likely to be processed more quickly.Government Regulation on Media in America Incomplete applications may be delayed or, in some cases, refused. After completing this checklist, please attach it to the front of your application (if lodging a paper application form). Forms, fees and charges Complete the paper application form. See: Form 1208 Application for a Work and Holiday visa Visa application charge. Credit card details, bank cheque, or money order, made payable to ‘DIAC’: If you are in Bangladesh, check www. bangladesh. embassy. gov. au for payment methods. If you are in Chile, check www. chile. mbassy. gov. au for payment methods. If you are in Indonesia, check www. indonesia. embassy. gov. au for payment methods. If you are in Malaysia, check www. malaysia. embassy. gov. au for payment methods. If you are in Thailand, check www. thailand. embassy. gov. au for payment methods. If you are in Turkey, check www. turkey. embassy. gov. au for payment methods. If you are from the USA and wish to lodge a paper application form, for payment methods check with the departmental office where you intend to lodge your application. See: Working Holiday Visa Charges Personal documents Certified copies of the biodata pages of all passports or travel documents (including the photograph) Certified copies of birth certificates or the family book, showing names of both parents (not required if in passport) If you have changed your name (eg by marriage or deed poll), a certified copy of evidence of the name change Two recent passport sized photographs (45mmx35mm) of you. †¢ These should be of the head and shoulders only against a plain background. Print your name on the back of each photograph Character documents Police certificates from any country in which you have lived for 12 months or more in the last 10 years (For applicants from Iran only). See: Character and Penal Clearance Requirements Other documents Results of an IELTS, TOEFL, or Occupational English test, undertaken not more than 2 years prior to application, or alternative evidence of English (not required for applicants from the USA). If you have served in the armed forces of any country, certified copies of military service record or discharge papers. Evidence of sufficient funds. Certified copy of a bank statement showing you have access to appropriate funds of at least AUD5000. Letter of Government support for application (not required by applicants from the USA). Evidence of relevant education qualifications. Evidence of health insurance, if required.

Causes Of Child Poverty In The Uk Social Work Essay Essays

Causes Of Child Poverty In The Uk Social Work Essay Essays Causes Of Child Poverty In The Uk Social Work Essay Essay Causes Of Child Poverty In The Uk Social Work Essay Essay a ) What are the chief causes of child poorness in the UK today? The United Kingdom is widely regarded as holding one of the worst rates of child poorness in the industrialized universe. This sentiment was echoed by the findings of the 2007 UNICEF Innocenti Report a comprehensive appraisal of the lives and wellbeing of kids and striplings in economically advanced states which finally concluded that of the 21 states involved, the UK boasted the most alarming kid poorness statistics. The End Child Poverty survey conducted in 2008 revealed that about four million kids were populating in poorness in the UK. Tess Ridge ( 2004 ) points out that there are several cardinal factors that serve to do kids peculiarly vulnerable to sing poorness. Near to three million kids live in lone-parent households and they are peculiarly at hazard of sing poorness during their childhood ( Rowlingson and McKay, 2002 ) . Children brought up in such an environment are likely to be portion of the means-tested benefits system. This in bend increases the opportunities of a kid being subjected to degrees of poorness for a long period of clip. J. Miller ( 1989 ) notes that the fact the bulk of lone parents are female and in low paid employment is brooding of gender disagreements within matrimony and within the labour force. Bradbury et Al ( 2001 ) farther supports this statement by claiming kids in lone-mother households display higher degrees of poorness than kids portion of two parent families. Surveies concentrating on cultural minority kids and poorness are sparse. However, Adelman and Bradshaw s ( 1998 ) rating of the Family Resources Study revealed that Pakistani and Bangladeshi kids are victims of improbably high poorness rates with about 80 % of kids populating below 50 % of average income poorness line after lodging costs. Ridge ( 2004 ) explains that racial favoritism besides contributes to a great extent to childhood poorness amongst cultural groups. Prejudice in the workplace leave cultural minority groups susceptible to low wage and unemployment ; the hazard of unemployment for people from cultural communities is three or four times greater than that of white people ( Howard et al, 2001 ) . The links between child poorness and disablement are obviously evident. Harmonizing to Gordon and Heslop ( 1999 ) , households with a handicapped kid are among some of the poorest of the hapless . Poverty besides affects those kids populating in households where there are grownups with disablements and long-run illness. A study undertaken by the Department of Work and Pensions in 2002 showed 76 % of kids in families where unwellness or disablement was present were having a cardinal benefit ( be it Incapacity Benefit, Severe Disablement Allowance, or Income Support ) for two or more old ages ( DWP, 2002 ) . Household employment position has besides proved to be a major factor of poorness impacting kids. In 1995/96, 54 % of all kids in poorness were populating in workless families ( Gregg et al, 1999 ) . Unemployment within households non merely brings economic disadvantage but can besides hold negative deductions on a kid s aspirations and societal development. In amount, it is clear by careful consideration of the above factors, that these are non stray hazards but hazards that are per se linked and in many instances underpinned. Any policies intended to forestall child poorness must undertake these hazard factors head on, concentrating specifically on the milieus and fortunes in which poorness stricken kids inhabit. B ) What has the authorities done to relieve kid poorness? The Labour authoritiess lift to power in 1997 brought a displacement in policy towards turn toing kid poorness. In 1999, Tony Blair pledged to eliminate kid poorness within 20 old ages. Consequently, degrees of policy activity dramatically increased and an expansive programme of public assistance reform was introduced in order to control kid poorness. Harmonizing to Ridge ( 2004 ) these policies fell into three wide countries: support for kids, predominately through educational agencies support for parents, predominately aimed at doing work wage, child care and parenting strategies alterations in fiscal support for kids and households via the revenue enhancement and benefit system. In order to maintain up to rush with such policies, the authorities committed itself to bring forthing one-year poorness reappraisals entitled Opportunity for All. These studies outlined actions that would be put into topographic point to help in the battle against poorness looking in peculiar at bettering literacy and numeracy accomplishments whilst cut downing degrees of hooky, school exclusions and teenage gestations. Schemes such as Certain Start in England and Wales were introduced. This enterprise was designed with the purpose of giving kids the best possible start in life. Gordon Brown ( 2000 ) proclaimed the initial end was to hold 250 local programmes in topographic point by 2002. This figure was reached and to day of the month, there are over 500 Centres in operation. For adolescents aged 16-18, Education Maintenance Allowances were launched in 2004 in order to promote kids from low income households to remain on in instruction after the school go forthing age. As of 2008, kids whose households earned less than ?20, 817 per annum were entitled to ?30 per hebdomad to cover the cost of their tuition. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ema.direct.gov.uk ) . Another scheme used by the authorities to cut down kid poorness was the debut in 2003 of working revenue enhancement recognition ( WTC ) and child revenue enhancement recognition ( CTC ) . WTC is aimed at low-income working households but besides designed to lure adult females such as lone parents into the workplace. Basically, it is a payment to exceed up the net incomes of low-paid workers, including those who do nt hold kids. In the bulk of instances, the employer pays it alongside rewards or salary and the sum received is dependent on your income. In 2006, low paid workers could claim up to ?1410 for a individual worker aged 25 and over and up to ?3005 for a twosome gaining less than ?8,000 a twelvemonth. CTC offers fiscal support to households irrespective of their province of employment. It is besides paid in add-on to WTC and any child benefit financess the household may have. The sum a household are entitled excessively is based on their income. In 2006, the sum for one kid was ?545 a twelvemonth for high earners, up to ?2420 for those on low incomes, with excess money for immature kids and handicapped kids. Harmonizing to Sloman ( 2007 ) , apart from aiming support at poorer households, both the WTC and CTC are intended to better inducements to work, by cut downing the poorness trap. In simple footings, households are no longer to a great extent penalised through lost benefits and revenue enhancements by working. In amount, the Labour authorities has actively attempted to carry through its promise to turn to the issue of child poorness in the UK. This is farther supported by Miller and Ridge s ( 2002 ) appraisal that kids and immature people in general have become much more seeable in the policy procedure under Labour s leading and this in itself is a important development. degree Celsiuss ) How successful have they been in turn toing kid poorness? In the last 10 old ages, a overplus of constabularies has been sanctioned by the Labour authorities in the hope of cut downing child poorness. Economic stableness and paid employment were the focal point of the scheme designed to work out the job. By swerving clear of a benefits strategy and researching an of all time turning labour market, it was widely felt households could lift their kids from under the poorness line and sit the states wave of economic prosperity. The rhetoric has changed: in return for a kid benefit and revenue enhancement recognition system, the debut of Certain Start and betterments in the instruction system, benefit claimants now portion a corporate duty to the province to work. Possibly the most of import success of the last 10 old ages is the fact that concerns about kid poorness and now widely shared. This has lead to the three major parties within the UK political system recognizing the issue and later vowing to undertake it. However, beneath the surface there exists a troubled tenseness between apprehensiveness over child poorness and an apparent neglect for high degrees of inequality within the state. In bend, this has threatened to undo all the authorities s difficult work of the past decennary. Consequently, if the authorities fails to turn to these insufficiencies, they will everlastingly be running the hazard of taking two stairss frontward and one measure back with any advancement being made at a slow and painstaking gait. In amount, its clip for the authorities to step up and face the issue of child poorness. The last decennary has yielded consequences and shows the UK has the resources to turn to poorness. Tony Blair made a committedness to stop kid poorness and his predecessors must follow through on that promise. As the Treasury Select Committee late argued: The Chancellor has told us that the Government remains strongly committed to run intoing the kid poorness marks, but this needs to be demonstrated through steadfast action on undertaking child poorness in the 2009 Budget, including the deployment of extra resources ( Treasury Select Committee, 2008 ) While there is a political consensus that child poorness is a job and that it needs to be ended, the authorities has merely over 10 old ages to present on a promise that could radically change kids s lives and chances. To set it bluffly, if politicians are serious about eliminating child poorness, much more demands to be done.

Biology-Nutrition Essays

Biology-Nutrition Essays Biology-Nutrition Paper Biology-Nutrition Paper Introduction: One of the basic needs of man is food, aside shelter and clothing. It is important to understand its use, the right amount to combine and the specific components of our food. This will help live healthy lives because we eat well! This assignment analyses a food and gives recommendation on it. Food: Macaroni, protein-fortified, dry and enriched Amount 200.0g Carbohydrate   131.3g [65.6%]: it is mainly carbohydrate food which releases 748Kcal of energy. The energy source comes from the carbohydrate constituent and the lipid which is 4.5g [2.3%]. Because of the protein fortification, it has 43.6g of protein [ 21.8%] The food contains 3130kJ [or 748kCal] of energy The food item contains: Minerals: High concentration of Potassium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Calcium and some amount of iron, Sodium, Zinc with minimal amount of manganese and copper. Vitamins: Thiamin, Niacin and pantothenic acid are present in substantial amount. It also contains other nutritional contents of food like folate, folic acid, dietary fiber and amino acids notably glutamic acid and leucine. It contains 18.5g [9.2%] of water. Water is to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. The highest category of biological molecule in the food is Carbohydrate. It is made of a complex network of simple sugars. It contains refined starch which is easily digested in the body to release glucose for metabolism. I would recommend it as part of a healthy diet because it contains all the classes of food: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, protein and dietary fiber. References Dan Rutherford. Carbohydrates. netdoctor.co.uk/focus/nutrition/facts/lifestylemanagement/carbohydrates.htm Food Pyramid and Recommended Daily Allowances USDA interactive Food Pyramid resource, mypyramid.gov/ USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21 (2008)nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/cgi-bin/list_nut_edit.pl

A Lavishing Welcome-- Odyssey essays

A Lavishing Welcome Odyssey essays For years hospitality has played a huge role in the lives of many, whether they be travelers or not. Through Homers The Odyssey this statement proves to be true; hospitality affects the travels of Odysseus throughout the entire work, both to his benefit and not. Many types of hosts are presented throughout this novel, some differing greatly, but they all have an effect on Odysseus in some way. From the start of the story you get a sense of how travelers are treated in most places. When we first meet Odysseus he is being treated as a king in the land of the Phaeacians. The Phaeacians were the perfect hosts to Odysseus giving him all that he needed and helping him along his way. They sat listening to the tale of his journey for quite some time and immediately offered to help him find his way back to Ithaca. This is what every traveler hopes to come across when finding themselves stuck in an unfamiliar area. Unfortunately for Odysseus this wasnt always the case. Some of the hosts Odysseus came across seemed wonderful and welcoming on the outside, but in all reality hurt his case more than anyone else. Calypso was a perfect example of the importunate host. She treated Odysseus well, spoiling him and letting him live a life of lavishing riches, but she wanted this to be all he knew of life. A perfect host would treat Odysseus well, just as Calypso did, but this perfect host which Calypso was not-would let Odysseus leave whenever he was ready and willing. Calypso never felt a desire to let Odysseus leave and did all she could to ensure that he was stranded with her. None of this is to say that Odysseus didnt like the life he was living. It was quite possible that he enjoyed himself throughout this extravagant life, but he still yearned for his home. Calypso wasnt the only one who played the role of an importunate host; Circe fulfilled this role as well. Unlike Caly ...

HMV music retailer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HMV music retailer - Essay Example The retailer must have had several issues that were affecting its performance in the market, which led to the distraught performance. First, there is a need to analyse the politics that govern the retailer (Boddy, 2008:21). The politics of the administration affected the running of the retailer in a number of ways. For example, after entering into administration, there was change in the way the business was being conducted. Since new administration comes in with different performance strategies, these strategies failed. Similarly, the political environment of the new administration was not conducive for business. It brought loss of interests as most of the workers and employees were not contented, which brought dire consequences to the retailer.The retailer’s economic position was adversely affected with introduction of administration. In such an instance, the retailer had to incur other costs that are used in running the businesses of the retailer. In this instance, the retai ler’s income was stagnant while the expenses of administration increased. Therefore, the budgets of the retailer were skewed as they had to get more resources to run the business (Boddy, 2008:14). This was a disadvantage to the business. The third aspect that affected the performance of the retailer was the social environment. Previously, the retailer had concrete business bonds with the market. This strengthened its businesses across the competitive market (Johnson and schools, 2008:18). This ultimately led to dismal performance by the retailer.... With introduction of new and sophisticated technology, the retailer is well prepared to make better and improved products. Similarly, the retailer is able to serve a large number of customers in minimal time (Mennen, 2011:11). However, with the introduction of the administration, there was minimal investment directed toward technological improvement. This ultimately led to dismal performance by the retailer. SWOT Analysis HMV as a retailer was well prepared to tackle the market in making substantial accruals in terms of profits and returns. The most prudent decision the retailer should have taken is relying on the strengths and utilising the opportunities it had (Boddy, 2008:23). Similarly, the retailer should have generated strategies to reduce the effects of its weaknesses and reduce the threats that would drive the retailer out of business. In the first place, the retailer had a strong point in that it was well-established in the market. The retailer had opened numerous branches i n many countries across the globe. Similarly, it was a strong retailer in that the demand for its products was escalating. However, the retailer had an internal weakness with the inception of administration. The administration was not apt in executing its tasks. Similarly, the retailer was not keen on extending its market share. This led to murky performance after the threats surpassed its strengths. The retailer had an opportunity in investing in technology and making superb approach to the market. Since it is a music retailer, it had an opportunity to invest in current and sophisticated technology (Pearce, 2009:14). A perfect example is Apple’s iTunes. Apple’s iTunes are appreciating a greater market share due to their compatibility with the new technology. Apple

Video games conquering new markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Video games conquering new markets - Essay Example The first primitive computer and video games were developed in the 1950s and 60's and ran on platforms such as oscilloscopes, university mainframes and EDSAC computers. The earliest computer game was created in 1947 by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_and_video_games) Other than conventional media sector, the digital technologies have given new spurt to a most exciting entertainment industry- video gaming industry. There is lot of reasons which helped the video gaming industry. The fast growth of technology, globalization and liberalization of market, increasing level of stress in life and working conditions, self imposed house arrest life style, weakening social relations, increasing individuality and privacy consciousness are all helped the emergence of gaming industry in the world. People, especially children have been looking of new means spend their leisure time. Technology has offered them lot of comfort in their homes. At the same time, gaming provides more possibilities to enjoy the pace of the moving world. They have been longing for a long time a channel to link their imaginations, dreams, passions and story tales with reality. The emergence of video gaming offered them an opportunity to realise this dream with technological support. Als o emergence of other digital enterprises such as broadband, telecommunication, internet and cables has also worked as a catalyst for the gaming industry. With markets grown beyond nationalities, gaming has also got a global look. The gaming industry is now looking forward lot of market potential in emerging economies such as India, China and Brazil. The emergence of internet and networking into a global platform offers considerable prospect for gaming industry....There has been demands for censorship in video games. Video and computer games are periodically criticized in the media by some parents' groups, psychologists, religious organizations, and politicians for the level of violence, cruelty, and crime that some games allow players to act out, and often glorify. Examples are common, including Mortal Kombat and its sequels, a series of fighting games by Midway. Since 1992 the series has rewarded players for beating up an opponent with martial arts moves, and then for executing a graphic "Fatality" move. Considering the fears of these groups video game industry have started voluntary rating systems, such as the ESRB rating system in the United States and the PEGI rating system in Europe, that are aimed at educating parents about the types of games their children are playing, or wish to play. Some games such as the Grand Theft Auto series are rated as "Mature" or "Adults Only" in the US, or given a "Certificate 18" rating in the UK. There would be notes in the packaging that these games should not be sold to children. If a parent or legal guardian buys a mature game for a child and the parent/legal guardian gives permission to a child to play said mature game, it is by the parents' choice and is not considered an offence.

Business Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Ethics - Research Paper Example Facts that surrounded the Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation’s case comprise the following: first, Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation frequently utilized contracts as a way of financing their activities. Second, the repurchase contracts employed by the corporation are perceived as the liability and enhance the corporations' leverage percentage. Third, ambiguity in the standards of financial accounting permitted the contracts to be shifted off-balance sheet in case need is met. Fourth, Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation would push repurchase contract liabilities off of the financial statement all through reporting phases so as to mislead stakeholders by reducing control. Maybe if the stakeholders were aware, it may have had a negative impact on the Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation stock prices. Fifth, at that time, little or no financial corporations were using these deceiving tactics (Lubben 1). The fall of Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation was not as a result of a sole tumble in ethical decision performed by a single imprudent worker. It would have been almost out of the question for a single incident to make Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation collapse, particularly after the corporation had overcome numerous difficulties in the past. Instead, Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation’s failure was the growing impact of several mishaps caused by a number of parties and individuals (Madsen and Shafritz 23). The unethical practices can be classified into three actions: deceit declared by the corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, Richard Fuld; cover up sanctioned by Chief Financial Officer, Erin Callan; and neglect in place of Ernst & Young. In 2007, the housing marketing was starting to falter, the corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, Richard Fuld was embedded in a highly leveraged and aggressive business model. This was similar to other Wall Street actors at the period. Whereas Lehman Brothers Holdings Inco rporation’s rivals had the ability to forecast the impending fall and assess probable results of mortgage shirk, the corporation’s Chief Executive Officer did not change the strategy. Instead, He advanced into mortgage- supported safety investments, incessantly escalating Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation’s asset range to one of unduly elevated risk given the market situation (Lubben 1). This implies Richard Fuld was adamant, but when it was an occasion to accept the issue, he did admit his failure or take responsibility. In 2007, the Chief Executive Officer had a chance to air concerns on the corporation’s short-term financial condition and its tremendous participation in risky loans. In contrast, he disregarded it in support of communicating to Wall Street and stakeholders that there was no existence of foreseeable issues (Lubben 1). Had Richard Fuld been honest, appropriate solutions would have been developed. This would have assisted to minimize or prevent the financial problems that occurred.

Consideration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consideration - Case Study Example The discussion of this case study aims to provide the course of action for Nigella in regard to the legal position of this case. This case study presents the contractual matter between the Nigella and Ramsay. There was a valid agreement between the two parties, and consideration for Nigella to Ramsay was the teaching services she promised to offer to him. On the other hand, Ramsay’s promise to pay for the services constituted consideration of Ramsay to Nigella. When parties are in agreement they all have to discharge the obligations they owe each other until the end of the agreement. This implies that Ramsay was entitled to receive services from Nigella until the end of the agreement. However, this appears to carry periodic payments and the imposition of new prices by Nigella to Ramsay resulted to new conditions and that was tantamount to forming a fresh agreement. This implies that Ramsay was bound by the agreement since he agreed to pay even though he would refuse to pay if the examination was near. It is immaterial for Ramsay to decline to pay the additional charges for the services already offered. In Central London Property Trust v High Trees House [1947] KB 130 High Court, the High Trees had rented property from Central London Property (CLP) at a cost of  £2,500 in 1937. However, during the world war the landlord was unable to let out all the houses and decided to reduce their value in order to attract new occupants. This compelled the defendant to lower the price of the houses by half in 1940 because there was no sign that the situation prevailing at that time was going to improve in the foreseeable future. By the start of 1941, the claimant started paying the reduced rental charges. However, when the war came to a halt the demand for houses increased hence the landlord reverted to the original rental charges. The case was presented to court, and

Global ethical Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global ethical Issues - Research Paper Example Just war theory is a philosophy which seeks to determine when wars are morally valid to fight and also seeks to establish the principles for waging them. There are two parts of just war theory, â€Å"Jus Ad Bellum† and â€Å"Jus In Bello† (MacKinnon, 2012, pp. 243-244). The first of these tries to establish when causes are just, and the second tries to establish how exactly wars should be fought in a just way. Both of these are extremely important for waging just wars, as â€Å"even if a war were fought for a just cause, with the prospect of achieving more good than harm, as a last resort only, and with the proper intention, it still would not be fully just if it were not conducted justly or in accordance with certain principles or moral guidelines† (MacKinnon, 2012, p244). â€Å"Jus Ad Bellum,† or the right to wage war, seeks to establish when it is morally valid to initiate a war. The simplest possible way of describing this part of just war theory is that unless you have a reason to initiate a war that is itself morally valid, there is no way the war will be morally valid. A few of the common criteria for just wars are â€Å"having just cause, being a last resort, being declared by a proper authority, possessing right intention, having a reasonable chance of success, and the end being proportional to the means used† (Mosely, 2009). If all of these criteria are met, then it may be just to wage a war, although it is worth noting that â€Å"the lack of a strict ethical framework means that the principles themselves are open to broad interpretations† (Mosely, 2009). Regardless of how strictly warring nations follow the Jus Ad Bellum principles, it is clear that they are informed largely by theories of consequentialist moral reasoning. This is the kind of reasoning which is not concerned so much with how something is carried out as it is with why. That is, â€Å"we should only be concerned about our actions in

Consideration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consideration - Case Study Example The discussion of this case study aims to provide the course of action for Nigella in regard to the legal position of this case. This case study presents the contractual matter between the Nigella and Ramsay. There was a valid agreement between the two parties, and consideration for Nigella to Ramsay was the teaching services she promised to offer to him. On the other hand, Ramsay’s promise to pay for the services constituted consideration of Ramsay to Nigella. When parties are in agreement they all have to discharge the obligations they owe each other until the end of the agreement. This implies that Ramsay was entitled to receive services from Nigella until the end of the agreement. However, this appears to carry periodic payments and the imposition of new prices by Nigella to Ramsay resulted to new conditions and that was tantamount to forming a fresh agreement. This implies that Ramsay was bound by the agreement since he agreed to pay even though he would refuse to pay if the examination was near. It is immaterial for Ramsay to decline to pay the additional charges for the services already offered. In Central London Property Trust v High Trees House [1947] KB 130 High Court, the High Trees had rented property from Central London Property (CLP) at a cost of  £2,500 in 1937. However, during the world war the landlord was unable to let out all the houses and decided to reduce their value in order to attract new occupants. This compelled the defendant to lower the price of the houses by half in 1940 because there was no sign that the situation prevailing at that time was going to improve in the foreseeable future. By the start of 1941, the claimant started paying the reduced rental charges. However, when the war came to a halt the demand for houses increased hence the landlord reverted to the original rental charges. The case was presented to court, and

The Management Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Management Environment - Essay Example Although it is difficult to believe that Supply chain management is a recent concept since even Shakespeare discussed how ships and merchandise at sea can be at risk from various threats, the process of actually managing a supply chain through technology and modern communication tools is certainly a recent innovation. With reference to globalisation, logistics is simply the science of getting the required materials, goods or equipment to the right people at the right time and the development of this field owes a lot to the military history of civilisation which goes all the way back to the Roman era where armies had to be kept in supply even in far flung regions of the empire (Christopher, 2005). In the modern world, when supply chain management and the philosophy of logistics are combined in an efficient manner a company can become richer and more powerful than any emperor of the past. Supply chain management not only allows the right people to have the right things at the right time, it also makes sure that there is no wastage in the process and the overall costs of the business are reduced (Van Hoek, 2005). For the company, it could mean less mistakes in ordering the right part, making sure that production facilities around the world are occupied and that production matches the consumption as well as client requirements. Every business decision and every business choice comes with an associated cost which must be borne by the shareholders or the owners of the business which means that costs need to be reduced to ensure a healthy profit. An efficiently managed global supply chain does exactly that by cutting down costs in several important areas of business (Christopher, 2 005). Lummus and Demarie (2006) give the example of supply chain management experts such as Renee Gregoire and James Correll who discussed the importance of supply chain management with reference to

How to Play Basketball Essay Example for Free

How to Play Basketball Essay In order to play basketball, you need one basketball and two basketball hoops on opposite ends of the court. The hoops should be ten feet high. In an original game, you should form two teams of five individuals apiece would be the requirements. If a court just so happens to be full or fewer players are available, a game with one hoop can be played using alternate rules. The object is for you to score more baskets than your opponent. You should play a typical game for sixty minutes with four fifteen-minute periods, but you really can determine the length yourself. For you to start the game, the wo teams you formed, line up around the two centers. Each of your players matches up against another based on height and skill to make it fair. The referee throws the ball straight up and the two of you who are playing the position center, jump up to gain possession. The goal for you is to tip the ball to your teammates to gain possession. Remember Basketball is much as an offensive game as defensive game. When you have the ball, all of the members of your team are on offense. On offense you are trying to score points by shooting the ball into the opposing teams basket. Each basket your team scores is worth two points. Baskets scored outside the three-point line (an arc-shaped line beyond the free throw line) are worth three points. On offense you need to advance the ball, you can advance the ball in two ways: by passing and dribbling. First Dribbling, you need to take the ball and bounce it on the floor in a continuous motion. This is the process of dribbling. You can move your feet and body in any direction as long as you are dribbling but if you move in any direction without dribbling the ball then that is a violation. The goal for your team on offense is

The Impact Of School Phobia On Education Psychology Essay

The Impact Of School Phobia On Education Psychology Essay Phobia, which is a type of anxiety or fear, is a basic human emotion usually considered to be a response to objects or situations that threaten physical safety or emotional well-being. School phobia is a situational phobia found in early childhood whereby the child refuses to attend school due to a certain overwhelming fear. Many youngsters at some time in their school years might actually experience different forms of fears be it anxiety, phobia from games, answering a question in class, or even reading out loud in front of their peers. Furthermore, studies have shown that there are particular symptoms associated to school phobia that could vary from stomachaches, nausea, fatigue, shaking, racing heartbeats, to going on frequent trips to the toilet. Children who suffer from school phobia are exposed to panic attacks especially when the parent forces them to attend school without even realizing that there might actually be a critical problem which needs to be dealt with properly, inc reasing the youngsters worries and the guardians frustrations even more. Not only do children miss home while being away in the school setting, but they are also faced with a whole new world of brand new genuine experiences, challenges and pressures, be it social or academic; this sudden change will undoubtedly leave them feeling down, suffering from separation anxiety. Moreover, they are probably not so used to having so many rules set for them, that they will feel scared, exhausted or depressed. School phobia, School Avoidance, and School Refusal are terms used to describe children who avoid attending school. Persistent nonattendance at school has been the subject of considerable concern among educationalists for well over a century. Fears of the dark, birds, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are socially and legally more acceptable than avoidance of school. Certainly, school phobia generates massive anxiety in both parents and teachers. School refusal symptoms occur most often on school days, and are usually absent on weekends and during the summer holidays. On the other hand, the older children who are new attendees in a new school, the situation could leave them not to adapt to the new place and environment, since they may no longer feel comfortable due to the sudden change in their friendships, teachers, and classrooms. School phobia is also due to the feelings of insecurity; a child who is used to being at home around his/her parents all day will feel threatened or torn away from his/her beloved ones. The youngster will feel so worried and panicky that he/she will even experience fear from school buses if they had to return home in one. School phobia must be treated directly, however, if the child is severely affected, then it is best to ask for professional help such as a referral to his/her doctor or head teacher. For these reasons it was important to study this problem and find ways to solve it in order to help phobic children. 1.2 Purpose of the Study: This study talks about Childrens Phobia in Preschools because it will enlighten a positive issue and it will serve the society in a positive way, by helping parents as well as teachers solve a problem which has not been given enough importance in the past years. In order to be able to deal with children and help them with their problems and overcoming them and to be capable of reaching high objectives, one certainly need to carry out serious research and learn professional methods for dealing with certain dilemmas. In this research the researcher will be able to identify school phobia, learn more about school phobia and its nature, recognize the causes of school phobia, recognize the warning signals of school phobia, recognize the typologies of school phobia, identify the way to deal with phobic children, and identify the treatment of school Phobia. 1.2 Research Questions School phobia affects the childs education as well as his/her future. The problem usually starts with the child complaining or finding the silliest excuses just to keep him/her away from school. Some questions need to be answered such as: -What is a phobia? -Who is the phobic child? -How does the child develop phobia? -What is the role of the teachers and parents in identifying school phobia? -How can a phobic child be helped to overcome his phobia? Chapter Two Literature Review 2.1- Identifying School Phobia: Early investigations of persistent nonattendance talked only in terms of truancy; however, this simple view failed to explain the condition. Early pioneer studies found evidence that clearly linked truancy with delinquency. They realized that poor parental control, mental dullness, temperamental instabilities and broken homes were cited as important factors contributing to truancy. However; the first man to describe a form of absence that was later most commonly referred to as school phobia or school refusal was Dr. Broadwin in 1932, p 5: The child is absent from school for periods varying from several months to a year. The absence is consistent. At all times the parents know where the child is. He is near the mother or near the home. The reason for the truancy is incomprehensible to the parents and the school. This classical description has practically has practically become the very definition of school phobia. Other findings by Partridge (1939) noted a group of children he labeled as psychoneurotic. These children appear to differ from other truants in that they were obedient, reasonably well-adjusted and liked school. He regarded them as victims of an emotional bond between parent and child. In order words, these children suffer from s different type of school phobia, which is mainly derived from a poor or nil relationship of the parents with the child. It is basically then, an emotional problem that causes absences. 2.2- The Clinical Presentation of School Phobia: The clinical representation of school phobia has been extremely well described by Hersov in 1977: The problem often starts with vague complains of school or reluctance to attend progressing to total refusal to go to school or to remain in school in the face of persuasion, entreaty, recrimination and punishment by parents and pressures from teachers, family doctors and education welfare officers. The following are the best ways to tell whether the child is or is not school phobic: Severe difficulties in attending school, often amounting to prolonged absence, severs emotional upset shown by such symptoms as excessive fearfulness, undo tempers, misery, etc. Staying home with the knowledge of the parents when should be at school at some stage of the course of the disorder. Absence of significant anti-social disorder such as stealing, living, and wandering. Children suffering from psychosis, gross physical illness, asthma, truancy and neurotic disorders other than school phobia are not considered suitable for investigation on the subject. All other factors need to be ruled out. 2.3- Causes: Peer difficulties, learning problems, depression, or parents who are overly anxious about these perceived physical ailments are common causes of school avoidance. Separation anxiety is another common diagnosis for school phobia but there can be other problems, too. School phobia is usually a symptom of other problems. If physical causes have been ruled out and the behavior is continuing, then parents might want to have an evaluation by a psychiatric specialist. A school-phobic child is usually afraid of leaving home in general, rather than afraid of anything in particular at school. For example, he may experience homesickness when staying at a friends house. Often the first test of a childs independence comes when he must attend school daily. Aside from poor attendance, these children usually are good students and well behaved at school. The parents are typically good parents who are conscientious and loving. Such parents are sometimes overly protective and close, and the child finds it difficult to separate from them (separation anxiety). He may lack the self-confidence that comes from handling lifes normal stresses without his parents help. Sometimes a change of schools, strict teacher, hard tests, a learning problem, or a bully may appear to be causes of childs fear of going to school. But such factors may be only part of the problem, and your child should still go to school while these problems are being resolved. 2.4- Symptoms of School nonattendance warning signals Children who fear school send warning signals that are hard to ignore. Mysterious illnesses that surfaced as excuses to escape school in the lower grades resurface in middle school, resulting in tardiness, cut classes, and unfinished homework assignments. Often a childs normal living patterns, including eating, sleeping, and school success, are disrupted. 2.5- Typologies of School Phobia Many people have attempted to classify phobia; however, Coolidge, Hahn, and Peck (1975), in a study of 21 cases, presented evidence of two times of school phobia that they called neurotic and characterological. The neurotic group was mostly young girls. The primary conflict in this group seemed to be centered on the childs symbiotic tie to the mother. The characterological group consisted mainly of older boys who were regarded as being generally more disturbed. This comparison was developed by Kennedy. He included parental characteristics and communication patterns to differentiate between the two different types. Another very interesting finding was that of Yule, Hersov and Treseder in the 80s; they found that there may be sub-types of school phobia and they outlined a crude classification based on likely treatment implications. Separation anxiety at first school entry complicated by poor parental management. It is argued that in such cases some form of in vivo (carried out inside a living organism, like in a test or experiment) desensitization is the most appropriate first step. School phobia occurring in a vulnerable child following a major change in schooling: usually, the problem is sparked off or started by additional home-related anxieties. Systematic desensitization alongside attention to practical issues in the childs physical and social environment is likely to be the most effective treatment option. 2.6 Theories of School phobia: 2.6.1 Psychoanalytic Theory It was obviously advanced by Freud in the early 1900s and subsequently modified and interpreted by others such as Klein, Arieti, Sperling, and Renik. As we all know, Freud developed his theory of personality development by proposing three interacting structures; the id, ego, and super-ego. The id referred to impulsive, instinctual trends within the personality concerned with the satisfaction of the basic emotional needs, in other words it referred to the libido. Freud argued that phobias arose from conflict of psychic energy (libido). However, later psychoanalysts felt that aggression and dependence also played a role in phobias. According to the psychoanalytic theory, this is how it develops: An early, poorly resolved dependency relationship between mother and child. Inadequate fulfillment of the mothers emotional needs, usually because of a poor marriage. A temporary threat to the childs security causing a transient increase in the childs dependency needs. Exploitation of this situation by the mother. A similar relationship between the mother and her own mother. Expression of hostility to the child, not only making him more dependent, but also by direct inhibition of any opportunity for the child to express aggressive or hostile feelingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and also seductive behavior towards the child. Moreover, Development of strong hostility toward the mother, largely unconscious, and express by exploitation of the mothers guilt toward him and also by fears of the mothers safety cause by unconscious destructive wishes, thus forcing him to be with her to assure himself of her safety (Chiland and Young, 1990). The theory implied by this line of reasoning involves bringing the unconscious conflicts into open within the context of a therapeutic relationship. The conflicts are analyzed and a more mature way of satisfying dependency needs is sought. There has been great disagreement among psychotherapists, however, about whether the mother and child should be separated or treated together and how quickly a child should be made to confront reality and return to school. 2.6.2 Self Concept Theory: Leventhal and Sills point out that many of the descriptive findings associated with school phobia do not seem to support an explanation based solely on separation anxiety. They emphasize that many of these children maintain normal lives outside school hours. They proposed that the main feature relevant to school phobia is the finding that: These children commonly over-value themselves and their achievements and then try to hold on to their unrealistic self-image. When this is threatened in the school situation, they suffer anxiety and retreat to another situation where they can maintain their narcissistic self-image. This retreat may very well be a running to a close contact with mother. So, in other words, what Leventhal and Sills thought is that children with a superiority complex, when put down in any way, would avoid going to school and would rather stay in a safe environment. The treatment emphasized by self concept theorists involves bringing the home and school environment into balance. The parents need to be more realistic and her teachers more accommodating and at the same time the child needs confronting with reality by returning him to school as soon as possible. The therapist deliberately precipitates a crisis by forcing the family to address the issue of immediately returning the child to school. The therapist uses this situation therapeutically by helping the parents to resist the childs manipulative demands and win the power struggle. Anticipation and detailed planning is called for to ensure that the parents are successful. 2.6.3 Learning Theory: The principles underlying behavioral treatment are derived from learning theory. Learning theory has evolved from experimental studies in the laboratory. There theories explaining how phobic behavior is learned to compete for attention: Respondent, Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and the Two-Stage Theory of Fear and Avoidance. Respondent Conditioning Theory: Phobic are regarded as conditioned fear and avoidance responses to specific stimuli. Repetition of the feared situation in association with the newly created phobic stimuli will strengthen the fear and avoidance responses to the stimuli. Operant Conditioning Theory: its main principle is that behavior is influenced by its consequences. Behavior that is rewarded is likely to occur more often whereas behavior that is punished will decrease in frequency. On the basis of this theory, one can argue that phobias and associated behaviors like temper; tantrums are maintained through positive reinforcements in the childs environment. Two-Stage Theory of Fear and Avoidance: Suggested that fear could motivate behavior and was not merely a conditional reaction to stimuli associated with pain. He further argued that fear reduction became an operant reward for avoidance of the noxious stimulus. A wide variety of behavioral techniques have been developed arising out of classical and operant paradigms as well as social learning theory, however, although behavioral approaches concern themselves with the immediate problem of returning the child to school, arguments surrounding the preparation for and the timing and pacing of the return parallel those in the psychodynamic camp. Increasingly therapists employ a mix of approaches tailored to take account of the unique range of child, family and school related issues that may be involved in any one case. Nonattendance at school is not a distinct, but rather, it is comprised of multiple syndromes; prominent examples are truancy, childhood phobia, and separation anxiety disorder. An intriguing aspect of school nonattendance syndromes is that their form and features are modeled by the varying contributions of causative factors, including genetic endowment, brain dysfunction, family psychopathology, and individual symptoms. This makes school nonattendance an especially useful model for the study of the development of psychopathology in childhood (Martin and Greenwood, 1995). . This suggests that the study of this group of disorders from socioeconomic and cultural viewpoints would provide a new understanding of the disorders and their causes, and how cultural influences on the development of the child are mediated. Childrens rejection of school will in turn bring societys rejection of children. The society has a great role this whole issue, since children will not be able to overcome the phobia so easily if the society shows rejection and disapproval. 2.7- Psychodynamic Treatment of School Phobia Early treatment of school phobia was largely psychoanalytically based. Two studies were mostly implemented, the traditional psychodynamic treatment and the family therapy. Traditional Psychodynamic Studies, these studies are interpreted as those focusing treatment on the individual child or the mother-child relationship. The analytic treatment was focused entirely on the child, but they realized the importance of treating both the mother and child. Treatment with respect to the father was felt to be most efficiently handled by helping the mother clarify and restructure her feelings about her husband rather than dealing with the father direct. The dilemma in this study is whether the child should or shouldnt return to school immediately. Studies showed a slight difference in percentages when it came to decide which method was more effective, hence it remains undecided (Blagg, 1987). Family Therapy (By Skynner): These approaches transcend the parent-child dyad in addressing the entire family system. School phobia is regarded as symptomatic and sometimes protective of faulty family functioning. Treatment approaches consistently emphasize the importance of early return to school although the manner by which this is achieved varies greatly from therapist to therapist. Skinner refers to his approach as a conjoint family psychotherapy. The central problem within school phobia is seen as the parents failure to help their child relinquish omnipotent demands for exclusive possession of the mother. Skinner argues that school phobic children are protected from the challenges of reality by their mothers. Skynner claims that bonds within these families run vertically from parent to child with a consequent weak relationship between spouses. The main elements are stressed in this treatment: The whole nuclear family is included in treatments as well as other family members where necessary. An emphasis is placed upon non-verbal communication and confrontation of the parents over the hidden rule system. Attention is directed to the here and now of family interactions although past events may be considered as and when they arise There is a focus on an early return to school. An effort is made to weaken the mother-child bond and strengthen the marital bond. In the more straightforward cases, interpretation of the problem develops insight in parents enabling the family to marshal its own resources and solve the problem. Skynner advocates the use of medicine to help in the confrontation stage. In addition, excessively timid pupils are helped by attendance at psychotherapy groups. Only minimal attention is paid to school factors Skynner feels that school phobia is best understood as a psychosocial problem rather than a purely medical intra-psychic or even intra-familial disorder. It is interesting to note that the early traditional study emphasize the importance of the conformation of the feared situations; however, the later studies favored immediate, even forced, return to school. 2.8 Behavioral Approaches and Treatment of School Phobia: The behavioral approaches are divided into three: treatment based on classical conditioning, treatment based on operant conditioning paradigm and treatment based on social skills training. Systematic Desensitization: This approach involves working the child through carefully graded fear hierarchy starting with the least feared situations, building up to most feared situations. At each stage the child is helped overcome any anxiety by concentrating on a behavior that is antagonistic to the anxiety. Emotive Imagery: It is a technique that some behavior therapists have found to be very powerful. They use normal relaxation procedures in conjunction with systematic desensitization. In this approach the therapist develops imagined scenes that conjure up feelings of excitement, self-assertion and general positive effect as means of inhibiting anxiety. Flooding or implosion: These procedures involve immediate confrontation of the maximally feared situation without any careful preparation via graded exposure to less threatening circumstances. The subject is maintained in the intense feared situation until the anxiety shows visible signs of waning on the classical extinction model. The assumption here is that the subject feels anxiety as a result of prior classical conditioning the vivid presentation of the condition stimuli and the absence of any primary unconditioned stimuli will eventually lead to the extinction of the anxiety response (Sharpe, 2000). Operant-based treatment approaches are concerned with changing the reinforcement contingencies affecting an individuals behavior. It involves maximizing the incentives for being in school by building into the school program extra positive reinforcement and minimizing incentives for remaining at home during the school day by removing positive reinforcement (like greater personal freedom, extra adult attention): This treatment is based in reinforcement. Natural reinforcement is added in the individuals life in preference to the introduction of more artificial reinforcement like sweets. Nevertheless, in certain cases, tangible reinforcements may be necessary in the early stages of the treatment program. Many children who suffer from school phobia have major problems in relationships with bodes language and posture. It is true that many children may need sheltering from ridicule but others need help in improving their bodily skills. This treatment involves attention in many areas such as: Body posture especially the subjects stiffness and lack of mobility in the trunk and limbs. Nervous mannerisms such as giggling, facial grimacing, and tone of voice, eye contact

Hemophilia Manitoba :: essays research papers fc

Hemophilia Manitoba Hemophilia Manitoba, or hemophilia, is a sex-linked genetic disorder that is effecting about 20,000 Americans, most of which males. A person with hemophilia either has an inactive or inadequate supply of one of several blood factors needed for blood to clot. Because of this hemophilia can be mild, moderate, or severe. Severe hemophiliacs are at risk for bleeding during surgery, trauma, or even dental work. There are two types of hemophilia, A and B (Christmas disease). Hemophilia B is extremely rare. The majority of the people have hemophilia A. In hemophilia A, the particular factor missing is 8 for clotting. Because hemophilia is sex-linked disorder, it can be passed on from mother to child. This is because the gene responsible for making blood factors 8 and 9 are only found on the X-chromosome. If a female is a carrier that means that she has one bad gene and one good gene for this disease. There is a fifty percent chance that she would pass it on to her child because she can only pass on one of the two chromosomes. If a male has hemophilia, he will have normal sons and all of his daughters will be carriers of the hemophilia disorder because all he can pass on is the defective X-chromosome. Males mostly have hemophilia, but women can also have hemophilia. This is extremely rare though because two defective X-chromosomes would be needed. In fact, the first proven case of women having hemophilia was not until the 1950’s (Bornstein 89). Female carriers are also at risk. These women are known as asymptomatic carriers and may suffer excessive menstrual bleeding, bruising, nosebleeds, and problems during childbirth. One serious problem with hemophilia is joint bleeds. When a joint bleeds, a small amount of blood leaks into joint space and can not escape the joint because it is covered by a capsule of tissue. If the bleeding is not discovered by this stage, blood will continue to fill up the joint space. The joint begins to swell and become uncomfortable. Eventually, the pressure inside will be greater than outside and the bleeding stops. Fortunately, the blood makes digestive enzymes that eats up the trapped blood. Unfortunately, the digestive enzymes will also attack the cartilage that covers the bones. After several bleeds, the cartilage can become worn out and the enzymes can eat away at the bone. Hemophilia is either treated each time an internal bleed

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History Nativ

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley The struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a time from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-American conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continued it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and make their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier. Anglo-Americans that will be examined as influential in the formation of the Ohio River Valley are Daniel Boone, Henry Clay, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and "civilize" the west, these men were forced into a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society ignorant and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americans couldn't entirely remove them from existence, and today we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what cost? Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History Nativ Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley The struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a time from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-American conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continued it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and make their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier. Anglo-Americans that will be examined as influential in the formation of the Ohio River Valley are Daniel Boone, Henry Clay, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and "civilize" the west, these men were forced into a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society ignorant and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americans couldn't entirely remove them from existence, and today we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what cost?

Discrimination and the Arts Essay

1. W.E.B Du Bois makes a strong and persuasive argument about â€Å"double consciousness† and racial struggle in America. ANSWER THIS QUESTION: Do you agree that â€Å"art†Ã¢â‚¬â€broadly defined—can be an antidote or a form of resistance against certain kinds of discrimination? 2. Take a position on this issue by first exploring at least three of our course texts, starting with Du Bois and leading through several of our other readings (Martin Luther King, Alice Walker, bell hooks, or any of the other writers we’ve read in this unit or the previous unit on disability). IN OTHER WORDS, you must use Du Bois and at least two other authors in Cultural Conversations. Is there, for example, an art to the practice of nonviolence such as King describes, or to the use of language discussed in Linton and Slackjaw? 3. Ultimately, your exploration of these connected ideas should lead to a clear position of your own, and you must demonstrate in this paper that you can synthesize a number of differing ideas in the pursuit of your own argument. We will discuss strategies to do so in class. 4. Provide an example from contemporary culture of people resisting (or not resisting) discrimination. Use this example to demonstrate your position on art as resistance. Consider questions such as: would art have helped the less empowered people fight back? Did art play a part in the arguments against discrimination? In what ways does art address discrimination in your example? You may use print or web sources for this example as long as you document these carefully. In addition, you must define what you mean by â€Å"art† in order to construct a strong argument. 5. Include in your paper an acknowledgement and rebuttal of an opposing or counter-argument. This section of your paper may be short, but it is a vital aspect of your paper, so don’t forget to include it. IN OTHER WORDS, give the other side of your answer to the top question about art as an effective form of resistance and then argue against it. If you answer â€Å"yes,† then say how people could argue â€Å"no† and argue against them. 6. You will need to use at least five sources for this paper: THREE from Cultural Conversations (Du Bois plus two others) and TWO related to your example (they can be nonscholarly). 7. GRADING BASED ON: forming a thesis, showing originality, constructing and organizing your argument, using textual evidence, showing you understand the main themes of the course/unit, meeting stylistic and grammatical standards, and finding and using sources. 8. Use MLA format and citation style. Also use 1 inch margins and Times New Roman or similar font. No cover page please. Number your pages and include a header with your name and my name on it. Staple your paper. Don’t forget a title. Proofread. W.E.B. Du Bois Marcus Garvey Booker T. Washington Langston Hughes Anna Julia Cooper Frances E.W. Harper Anonymous Reviewer Lifting the Veil of Ignorance, B.T. Washington Memorial at Tuskegee University From Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man (1952): â€Å"Then in my mind’s eye I see the bronze statue of the college Founder, the cold Father symbol, his hands outstretched in the breathtaking gesture of lifting a veil that flutters in hard, metallic folds above the face of a kneeling slave; and I am standing puzzled, unable to decide whether the veil is really being lifted, or lowered more firmly in place; whether I am witnessing a revelation or a more efficient blinding.† Bob Marley â€Å"Redemption Song† â€Å"Emancipate yourself from mental slavery None but ourselves can free our minds.† Langston Hughes â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† Frances E.W. Harper â€Å"The Burdens of All† From W.E.B. Du Bois’ Criteria of Negro Art: PAGE 160: â€Å"The apostle of beauty thus becomes the apostle of truth and right not by choice but by inner and outer compulsion. Free he is but his freedom is ever bounded by truth and justice; and slavery only dogs him when he is denied the right to tell the truth or recognize an ideal of justice†¦ Thus, all art is propaganda and ever must be, despite the wailing of the purists†¦ I do not care a damn for any art that is not used for propaganda. But I do care when propaganda is confined to one side while the other is stripped and silent.†

Beverly Cleary Author Study Essay

Hi, my name is Beverly Cleary. I am an author of over thirty books for children and adults. I have written many award winning books. I worked as a librarian when I was younger. That’s where I got the idea to write about ordinary kids. I was born in McMinnville Oregon on April 12, 1916. My dad was in the war. When I was a child I was always around books. Soon me and my family moved to Portland. I attended grammar and high school there. I found myself in the low reading circle. When in third grade I was told by the public librarian â€Å"You should write a book.† I kept that in mind. When I was 34 I wrote my first book, Henry Huggins. The way I get the ideas for the books is from my own experiences like my childhood or other kids’ childhood. Maybe I would see an article in the newspaper or a magazine. Sometimes it would just seem to come out of thin air. Once two boys who didn’t know each other asked me to write a book about a child of divorce. That’s how I got Dear Mr. Henshaw, my Newberry winner. One street that most of my characters live on is Klickitat Street which is a real street in Portland. I have won many awards for my books. For example, Dear Mr. Henshaw won the Newberry Medal in 1984. Ramona and Her Father was made a Newberry Honor Book in 1978. Ramona Quimby, Age 8 was made a Newberry Honor Book in 1982. The Newberry award is one of the most prestigious awards given to authors for their contributions to literature for children. In 1984 the U.S. made me a nominee for the Hans Christian Andersen award. Two of my books are Henry Huggins and Ribsy. Some ways they are alike are that they have the same characters – Henry Huggins, Ribsy, Ramona, and Beezes. They both have a both have problems concerning animals and they take place on the same street. Some ways they are different are that they have different problems. In the book Henry Huggins, Henry has lots of small problems with his pets, which are not life and death situations. In the book Ribsy, Ribsy the dog has one big problem. He gets lost and he needs to figure out how to get back to his owner, Henry Huggins. This is a big problem for a dog because he doesn’t want to get hit by a car or get killed or hurt by other animals. My books are about ordinary kids and the things that happen to them. There’s usually a problem or two and the characters find interesting ways to solve them. I like to write about ordinary kids because it’s something kids can relate to and enjoy reading without thinking it’s a hassle. Kids tell me they like my stories. I hope you do too.

For one destination of your choice, justify and design a new heritage Essay

For one destination of your choice, justify and design a new heritage trail - Essay Example This island encompasses a strong cultural heritage and even there is existence of island identity. Heritage tourism faces a major challenge in the form of preserving resources efficiently which is utilized during building such heritage sites. Sustainable development can be considered as a central component when it comes to developing attractive tourist location. Gozo has its existence from 5000 BC. Farmers founded this island when they were travelling from Sicily. Gozo became one of the most important places in terms of cultural revolution. Ä  gantija temples were developed during Neolithic period. These temples are presently regarded as the oldest free-standing sculptures. Gozo Island spans over 67 square kilometres. This location is famed for its wide array of interesting locations and characteristics. Apart from Ä  gantija temples there is another famous man-made structure at Gozo known as Calypso Cave (Veal, 2002). There are two famous beaches at Gozo which plays a significant role to attract large base of customers. They are Ramla Bay and San Blas. This island’s population is closely knitted to their traditional culture. It comprises of various heritage sites such as archaeological sites, chapels, museums, fortifications, churches, etc. These sites are responsible for adding cultural, natural and historical value to Gozo Islan d. Some of the heritage sites at Gozo are shown in Appendix1. ecoGozo vision is a new agenda which has been framed by the government in order to safeguard heritage and culture of this destination. Efforts are been made to conserve these heritage sites and enhance their accessibility to public. Two heritage trails have been developed at Gozo in recent years. One such trail was built at cliff sides of Munxar and Xlendi, whereas another was formed at Santa Lucija’s countryside (Island of Gozo, 2014). Both these heritage trails expand over 7.5 km. They go along countryside

Federal Express (Canada) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Federal Express (Canada) - Case Study Example Further, FedEx which is known and trusted for its integrity, according to Birla (2005), breaks its promises of refunding the company and, therefore, this paper addresses the alternative strategies that could foster any organizations thrive. This report is based on the inconveniences experienced by ‘Desktop Innovations’ (DI) as a result of poor service provision by the Federal Express Company (FedEx). The Desktop Innovations office manager (Anita Kilgour) wrote a letter to the FedEx Company following their late delivery of one package and their failure to prompt necessary communications. In her letter, the office manager detailed the problems encountered in using the FedEx to convey packages to Simpsonville, South Carolina from Kitchener, Ontario. The letter states that of the two packages supposed to arrive at Simpsonville for a trade show, only one package was received and the other one was lost on the way. It was later discovered that the missing package had lost its shipping bill at Memphis and was sent back to Toronto. This resulted in loss of huge amounts of money amounting to $1200 on the booth Charlotte show and fee. Time was also wasted and an accumulation of up to 3 hours on phone calls by the off ice manager to FedEx office as a follow-up of the missing package. Furthermore, the FedEx Company which was trusted of its high integrity in product delivery had incredibly failed to respond to the manager’s fears and even failed to keep their promise of refunding or crediting the company as per their rules of commitment. In her later, Anita Kilgour reported the missing package and also complained of the misconduct of the FedEx Company for failing to abide by their promises, which of course had made it gain trust over other organizations. Anita tried making a number of phone calls to the office to follow up on the progress in search of the missing package but unfortunately she always

Politics Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Politics Issues - Assignment Example According to Francis Fukuyama the philosopher, political economist, and author, the arrival of the western liberal democracy may indicate demolishing of humanity’s sociocultural evolution and the final structure of the human regime. The explanations of arguments in favor of his statement are: According to Francis Fukuyama the philosopher, political economist, and author, the arrival of the western liberal democracy may indicate demolishing of humanity’s sociocultural evolution and the final structure of the human regime. The explanations of arguments in favor of his statement are:ïÆ'Ëœ Political Argument – Wars and conflicts between nations arise out of in different political systems. As additional numbers of the country accept liberal democracy as their main structure of government, wars among them will no longer take place.  Ã¯Æ'Ëœ Empirical argument – There has been a shift for the States in the beginning of the 19th century which was meant to accept a few type of liberal democracy to be its government, better explained as the government that has individual rights like the right to free speech much better to the rights of the state.  Ã¯Æ'Ëœ Philosophical argument –Fukuyama observes the power of thymos or human spiritedness. He argues that democracy hampers behaviors which are risky. Progressive balanced thought illustrates that the responsibility of master and slave are indecisive and self-defeating and hence not accepted by lofty spirits.  Democracy Signaled the â€Å"End of History†According to the Social scientist, Francis Fukuyama democracy signaled the â€Å"end of history† due to the failure of Communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and realism triumph of liberal democracy above all other outlines of political ideology (Blunden, â€Å"The End of History and the Last Man†).  

Functions of The Foreign Exchange Dealing Room Essay

Functions of The Foreign Exchange Dealing Room - Essay Example Additionally, there is also needs to assess on what are so special in the foreign exchange market, which can simply explains its interesting aspects before reaching to its functions, with referencing attach to Citibank. Before beginning to discuss about the functions of Foreign exchange dealing room, with sighting referencing with Citibank, there is need in a nutshell to know about the history of the bank as far back to its initial take up. It is found that "On June 16, 1812, with $2 million of capital, City Bank of New York (now Citibank) opened for business in New York City. Through many different leaders and economic environments over the course of its rich history, Citibank continues to grow and prosper. In 1998, all Citicorp divisions merged with all divisions of Travelers Group to form Citigroup Inc. Citibank continue as a strong brand under the Citigroup umbrella". (Citibank NA). Today, the Citibank has about 200 million account customers in more than 100 countries globally. It is ranked in the world Market that Citibank is leading globally in the foreign exchange (citiFX) market, as the team of experts in that field always ensures that they meet the customer's needs. While dealing with the Citibank, it is confirmed that you will be able to get feedback constantly about the issue of foreign exchange, which relates to International, regional and the local market. You will also getting details on the position of current financial market, so one can take immediate decision at the exact time needed. Moreover, it is noted that the Citibank (Customer Advantage) is of great good in terms of attaching customer's priority. According the Bank statement, "Citibank's financial market customer proposition is based on fair pricing, rapid execution, 24-hour delivery and innovative solutions. These services are delivered in the context of long-term relationships that pre-empt new customer needs for liability management, yield enhancement and implementation of market views. Citibank offers a diverse portfolio of products

Risk Management Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk Management Paper - Assignment Example In each case, the old age benefits reflect the retirement benefits as they  attain  a certain age when working while that of  disability  benefit refers to inability to  do  work properly due to  sickness, accidents and age. Survivor benefits gets issued to the  dependent  either spouse or children in case of death of the insurer. To qualify for old-age benefits and guarantee pension, the  right  age  is 65. A Swedish resident is at least 3 years while receiving  low  or no income from earnings-related pensions. Pensions get paid  abroad  within the European Union and European Economic Area with certain conditions. Earnings-related to old-age, old  system  gives to  age  65 covering at least 3 years. The  complete  pension  requires at least 30 years of  coverage  while early pension becomes reduced and may be paid from  age  61 to 64 while deferred pension, may be deferred until  age  70. In earnings-related old-age pension at the new system, retirement age is flexible, starting at age 61. This  pension  is based  on lifetime earnings detailed in the system. The insured person should have annual earnings in exceeding of 17,935 kronor. Premium pension in the new system, its retirement age, is  flexible  beginning at age 61 and gets paid  abroad. Disability pension and sickness compensation, the insured persons, must have assessed work capacity oft 25% and then gets covered when the disability began. The disability pension comprises of a guarantee and an earnings-related pension. Guarantee pension of the insured should have at least 3 years of coverage. The  pension  is based  on  residence  and gets paid  abroad  within the European Union, European Economic Area, Switzerland, and Canada. Earnings-related pension to the insured should have at least 1 year of income in Sweden within a given period. Constant-attendance supplement get paid when the insured requires a

Sundry Issues Essay Example for Free

Sundry Issues Essay The present paper wishes to present some of the issues that are involved in the recruitment and selection of expatriates for multinational companies. It is necessary that the management of companies be strongly aware of these issues to be able to deploy the appropriate, qualified personnel for critical offshore assignments. One of the key issues that ought to be considered in the recruitment and selection of expatriates is their capacity to adjust effectually to the role. This means that they should be willing and able to learn about the pecualirities of the culture to which they would be deployed, including the traits of power distance, masculinity, human orientation, achievement, and future orientation. Another issue is their willingness to undergo expatriation training. Their mother companies and satellite offices ought to provide the infrastructure for such training but the candidates for expatriation must have the unique task and people skills that will make them effective in their offshore assignments. Expatriate candidates must also adjust effectively to their new living conditions, and learn as much as they can about the new norms. They should be willing to undergo cultural training programs. The expatriate candidate should be highly trainable; through pre-departure training programs, they should be immediately be adept at the nuances of their new environment and culture. Finally, they should be able to blend well with a cross-cultural team, and depending on their role even spearhead the building of teams in a global context. Effectual Work Adjustment Based on a past research by Kabasakal and Bodur (1997), some cultures are characterised by a strong slant towards collectivism and both societal and organisational levels. It may perhaps be useful for the multinational company to initially analyse the culture to which they would assign managers in terms of power distance, masculinity, human orientation, achievement, and future orientation (Hofstede, 1983). It may also look into the business culture’s commitment and sense of duty to the organisation, respect for managerial hierarchy, type of leadership, and other ethical norms. Armed with such knowledge, expatriates can definitely influence the expectations of its expatriates and help in their adjustment to the new work environment (Hofstede, 1983). In addition, business culture communication styles should also be assessed by the company and the manner through which corporate values and organisational culture are transmitted. For instance, is it through socialisation? In some cultures, exchange of favors, information sharing and friendships are critical means of winning and developing trust. Logically, managers who are sent to the country ought to have such characteristics as patience and being open to socialisation with locals. Apparently, expatriates will experience a whole host of changes in being sent to a global post. On a personal level, they are required to undergo a transition from an environment to which they were accustomed to one which is very unfamiliar. Naturally, this required modifications in their living habits, and entailed finding a healthy, novel balance between their work and personal preoccupations. For a majority of individuals, this expends too much time and effort. Thus, the human resources department of the multinational company ought to take action to prepare them so that they may cope with these difficulties in adjustment. The research of Mendenhall and Oddou (1985) indicate that adjustment to the cross-cultural facets of a global assignment requires three distinct personal abilities, as follows: 1) the capacity to sustain a valued sense of self; 2) the ability to associate to host nationals; 3) the ability to intellectually appreciate the belief systems that underpin behaviours in the host country. If expatriates will be oriented with these traits, it would have been easier for them to adjust because their expectations were more effectively managed (Black, 1990b; Mendenhall Oddou, 1985). If they possessed such traits, it would have been more probable for them to adjust easily in their offshore assignment. In a related vein, the multinational company is obliged to help select those individuals with these ideal traits for expatriation assignments. However, while the organisation may try its best to send ideal candidates, they are frequently unavailable – thus, tradeoffs and compromises may be needed. Expatriates ought to try their best to find out what makes their foreign counterparts ‘tick’. They could start with learning the basics of the culture, norms, beliefs, and customs. They should also take every chance to interface with their colleagues to facilitate this socio-cultural adjustment process. Preparation for Expatriation Moreover, multinational companies must ensure that they are ready to prepare their expatriates for offshore assignments. With the integration of global markets and the burgeoning growth of multinational business activity, multinational companies have to learn how to effectively manage, coordinate, control and synergise its operations with their offshore counterparts. This preparation process, however, is not such an easy task. The difficulty lies in the fact that this requires them to have unique skills different from those that proved to be effective when they were assigned as managers in the local office from which they were deployed. Expatriates should be equipped with the knowledge of the satellite company’s organisational culture and philosophy, home country business practices, norms and customs. Being assigned to a foreign environment with peculiar political, cultural, and economic working conditions, expatriates encounter both job-related and personal difficulties (Birdseye Hill, 1995). If these issues expressed by the team are not given adequate attention, this results in extreme stress in both the expatriate’s personal life and life, and ultimately to expatriate turnover. Facets of Cross Cultural Adjustment for Expatriates Predeparture Expatriation Training Programs Multinational companies ought to ensure that training programs are given to candidates for expatriation to facilitate their adjustment to amenities, overall living conditions, and social norms. For example, cultural diversity training programs and learning sessions concentrating on values, habits, beliefs, religion and language of the locals must be part of the preparation of expatriates. These will help them undergo the indoctrination period more easily and quickly. In this context, expatriates should also be keenly aware of the particular facets of life in the local country. If expatriates that their families are made aware of these information and their expectations well managed, then unwelcome surprises may be avoided (Cavusgil et al. , 1992; Marlin et al. , 1995; Tung, 1982).